NEJM: Team-based approach combats depression linked with chronic diseases
Depression often can negatively affect health outcomes in those with chronic illnesses. An integrated approach of managing mental as well as physical diseases resulted in less depression, and better control of blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol and improved quality of life, according to a study in the Dec. 30 New England Journal of Medicine.
Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) and Group Health Research Institute, both in Seattle, conducted a randomized controlled trial to test a primary care intervention called TEAMcare. The intervention involves nurses working with patients and health teams to manage care for depression and chronic diseases, using evidence-based guidelines.
"Depressed patients with multiple uncontrolled chronic diseases are at high risk of heart attack, stroke and other complications," said the study's lead author Wayne J. Katon, MD, a UW professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and an affiliate investigator at the Group Health Research Institute.
Depression is common in patients with diabetes and heart disease, and it has been linked to worse self-management and more complications and deaths. Depression can make people feel helpless and hopeless about managing other chronic diseases. In turn, coping with chronic disease can worsen depression. This tangle of health problems can feel overwhelming—for patients, their families and their health care providers, according to the study.
To explore possible solutions, Katon and colleagues focused on 214 Group Health Cooperative patients who were randomly assigned to either standard care or the TEAMcare intervention. In the TEAMcare intervention, a nurse care manager coached each patient, monitored disease control and depression, and worked with the patient's primary care doctors to make changes in medications and lifestyle when treatment goals were not reached.
Working together, the nurse and patient set realistic step-by-step goals: reductions in depression and blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Patients assigned to the standard care arm of the study did not receive the nurses' coaching and monitoring services.
To reach these goals, the nurse regularly monitored the patient's mental and physical health. Based on guidelines that promoted incremental improvements, the care team offered recommendations to the patient's primary care doctor to consider changes to the dose or type of medication used for managing blood pressure, blood sugar, lipids or depression.
The process, called treating to target, helped boost patients' confidence as goals were accomplished. "It reverses what happens when they set overly ambitious goals they don't reach, which discourages them, their families and healthcare providers," Katon said.
At one year—compared with the standard care control group—patients with the TEAMcare intervention were significantly less depressed and also had improved levels of blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. These differences are clinically significant, particularly if achieved in large numbers of patients, Katon said.
"Each of these four disease control measures has been linked to higher risks of complications and deaths from diabetes and heart disease," he added.
The researchers have not yet completed their analysis of possible cost savings from the intervention, but they estimated that the two-year TEAMcare intervention cost $1,224 per patient, on average. This is for patients whose medical care cost healthcare systems approximately $10,000 per year, said Katon.
TEAMcare intervention patients reported enhanced quality of life and satisfaction with care for depression and either diabetes, heart disease or both. Patients were more likely to have timely adjustment of glucose levels, high blood pressure, cholesterol and antidepressant medications.
"TEAMcare is a truly patient-centered approach that enhances a primary care team to deliver optimal care for both physical and mental health in a seamless manner," said co-author Elizabeth H.B. Lin, MD, family physician and an affiliate investigator at Group Health Research Institute. "It recognizes there can be no health without mental health."
Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) and Group Health Research Institute, both in Seattle, conducted a randomized controlled trial to test a primary care intervention called TEAMcare. The intervention involves nurses working with patients and health teams to manage care for depression and chronic diseases, using evidence-based guidelines.
"Depressed patients with multiple uncontrolled chronic diseases are at high risk of heart attack, stroke and other complications," said the study's lead author Wayne J. Katon, MD, a UW professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and an affiliate investigator at the Group Health Research Institute.
Depression is common in patients with diabetes and heart disease, and it has been linked to worse self-management and more complications and deaths. Depression can make people feel helpless and hopeless about managing other chronic diseases. In turn, coping with chronic disease can worsen depression. This tangle of health problems can feel overwhelming—for patients, their families and their health care providers, according to the study.
To explore possible solutions, Katon and colleagues focused on 214 Group Health Cooperative patients who were randomly assigned to either standard care or the TEAMcare intervention. In the TEAMcare intervention, a nurse care manager coached each patient, monitored disease control and depression, and worked with the patient's primary care doctors to make changes in medications and lifestyle when treatment goals were not reached.
Working together, the nurse and patient set realistic step-by-step goals: reductions in depression and blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Patients assigned to the standard care arm of the study did not receive the nurses' coaching and monitoring services.
To reach these goals, the nurse regularly monitored the patient's mental and physical health. Based on guidelines that promoted incremental improvements, the care team offered recommendations to the patient's primary care doctor to consider changes to the dose or type of medication used for managing blood pressure, blood sugar, lipids or depression.
The process, called treating to target, helped boost patients' confidence as goals were accomplished. "It reverses what happens when they set overly ambitious goals they don't reach, which discourages them, their families and healthcare providers," Katon said.
At one year—compared with the standard care control group—patients with the TEAMcare intervention were significantly less depressed and also had improved levels of blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. These differences are clinically significant, particularly if achieved in large numbers of patients, Katon said.
"Each of these four disease control measures has been linked to higher risks of complications and deaths from diabetes and heart disease," he added.
The researchers have not yet completed their analysis of possible cost savings from the intervention, but they estimated that the two-year TEAMcare intervention cost $1,224 per patient, on average. This is for patients whose medical care cost healthcare systems approximately $10,000 per year, said Katon.
TEAMcare intervention patients reported enhanced quality of life and satisfaction with care for depression and either diabetes, heart disease or both. Patients were more likely to have timely adjustment of glucose levels, high blood pressure, cholesterol and antidepressant medications.
"TEAMcare is a truly patient-centered approach that enhances a primary care team to deliver optimal care for both physical and mental health in a seamless manner," said co-author Elizabeth H.B. Lin, MD, family physician and an affiliate investigator at Group Health Research Institute. "It recognizes there can be no health without mental health."